{"id":1852,"date":"2024-12-05T13:57:59","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T06:57:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vonguyen.com.vn\/?p=1852"},"modified":"2024-12-05T14:20:25","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T07:20:25","slug":"dns-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vonguyen.com.vn\/?p=1852","title":{"rendered":"DNS l\u00e0 g\u00ec"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. DNS l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>

DNS l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a “Domain Name System<\/strong>” – M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u00a0internet<\/strong>. DNS l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>

\"Domain
Domain Name System<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng mu\u1ed1n truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t trang web, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a trang web v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi trang web \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 DNS \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n sang\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP<\/strong>.<\/p>

1.1. Tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP<\/strong><\/h3>

\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp website. Khi truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trang web, tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web ch\u1ee9a trang web \u0111\u00f3. <\/p>

Hi\u1ec7n nay,c\u00f3 hai phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP l\u00e0 IPv4 v\u00e0\u00a0IPv6:<\/p>

  • IPv4 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 32 bit \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP theo d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 192.168.0.1. <\/li>\n\n
  • Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, IPv6 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 128 bit \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 hexadecimals v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hai ch\u1ea5m, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334.<\/li><\/ul>
    \"S\u1eed
    S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

    2. DNS Server l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>

    DNS server l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n sang \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ea1ng. Khi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u DNS server \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>

    DNS server c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>

    • DNS server Private<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u DNS c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n\n
    • DNS Server Public l\u00e0 c\u00e1c DNS Server \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0 Google, OpenDNS, Cloudflare… DNS Server Public s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c website y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. DNS server c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy c\u1eadp nhanh h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap truy c\u1eadp internet d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 tin c\u1eady t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao trong kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n\n
    • Root Name Server<\/strong> hay M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh g\u1ed1c gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh cho Internet, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111u\u00f4i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0: .com, .org, .net, .edu, .gov… Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 13 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh g\u1ed1c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n. Khi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Internet v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 t\u00ean g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n
    • Local Name Server<\/strong>: Local Name Servers l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec b\u1edfi c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Internet (ISPs).<\/li><\/ul>
      \"\"
      Local Name Servers l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

      3. L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng DNS l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>

      L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng DNS (DNS traffic) l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP. Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t trang web ho\u1eb7c g\u1eedi email, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u DNS \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP. <\/p>

      Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh s\u1ebd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp trang web ho\u1eb7c g\u1eedi email. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng DNS v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp trang web ho\u1eb7c g\u1eedi email c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng DNS c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o DNS server c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>

      4. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n ghi c\u1ee7a DNS l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>

      DNS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi (record) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n ghi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong DNS:<\/p>

      • A record (Address record): L\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n\n
      • AAAA record (IPv6 address record): L\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv6 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n\n
      • CNAME record (Canonical Name record): L\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c (canonical name) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n\n
      • MX record (Mail Exchange record): L\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 th\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (mail server) ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n\n
      • NS record (Name Server record): L\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n (name server) ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n\n
      • PTR record (Pointer record): L\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (reverse DNS lookup) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP.<\/li>\n\n
      • SOA record (Start of Authority record): L\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c (primary name server) cho t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n\n
      • SRV record (Service record): L\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (service) m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n cung c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n\n
      • TXT record (Text record): L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ed5 sung kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 SSL hay c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c.<\/li><\/ul>
        \"C\u00e1c
        C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n ghi c\u1ee7a DNS<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

        5. Chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a DNS<\/strong><\/h2>

        Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean Domain Name System l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp Internet tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. DNS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh client-server, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u DNS \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>

        DNS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c DNS Server \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9: Cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 T\u00ean mi\u1ec1n g\u1ed1c (Root Domain) \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 T\u00ean mi\u1ec1n con (Subdomain). M\u1ed7i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n s\u1ebd s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi (Record) ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 tr\u1ecf t\u1edbi. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>

        C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a DNS: <\/p>

        • Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng mu\u1ed1n truy c\u1eadp m\u1ed9t trang web, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u DNS \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a trang web \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n
        • Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u DNS n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9a t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a trang web, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 “google.com”. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS s\u1ebd truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n “google.com”.<\/li>\n\n
        • M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/li>\n\n
        • Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n “google.com”, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd tra c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c DNS Server l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf m\u1ee9c ROOT. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, DNS Server c\u1ee7a t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n \u1edf c\u1ea5p ROOT s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n “google.com”.<\/li>\n\n
        • Khi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a “google.com” s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. L\u00fac n\u00e0y m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 trang web th\u00f4ng qua giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i HTTP ho\u1eb7c HTTPS.<\/li><\/ul>

          DNS c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi MX (Mail Exchange) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn email, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi CNAME (Canonical Name) \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi TXT \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n ghi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>

          \"C\u00e1ch
          C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a DNS<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

          6. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh DNS b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft<\/strong><\/h2>

          C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh DNS t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau:<\/p>

          B\u01b0\u1edbc 1:<\/strong> Truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t Control Panel th\u00f4ng qua thanh Search Bar.<\/p>

          B\u01b0\u1edbc 2:<\/strong> L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn Network and Sharing Center.<\/p>

          \"L\u1ef1a<\/figure>

          B\u01b0\u1edbc 3:<\/strong> L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ethernet ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Wifi t\u00f9y v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n internet b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/p>

          B\u01b0\u1edbc 4<\/strong>: Nh\u1ea5n ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ea7n Properties, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta thay \u0111\u1ed5i DNS m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>

          B\u01b0\u1edbc 5:<\/strong> Nh\u00e1y \u0111\u00fap v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c Internet Protocol Version 4.<\/p>

          \"Nh\u00e1y<\/figure>

          B\u01b0\u1edbc 6:<\/strong> Trong Internet Protocol Version 4 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn Use the following DNS server addresses v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eadp DNS t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u1ea5n Ok \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh DNS.<\/p>

          7. T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c DNS ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay<\/strong><\/h2>

          C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i DNS ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0:<\/p>

          • Google DNS: l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 DNS mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed do Google cung c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a Google DNS l\u00e0 8.8.8.8 v\u00e0 8.8.4.4.<\/li>\n\n
          • Cloudflare DNS: l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 DNS mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a Cloudflare, cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a Cloudflare DNS l\u00e0 1.1.1.1 v\u00e0 1.0.0.1.<\/li>\n\n
          • OpenDNS: l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 DNS do c\u00f4ng ty Cisco cung c\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c trang web \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i dung. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a OpenDNS l\u00e0 208.67.222.222 v\u00e0 208.67.220.220.<\/li>\n\n
          • Quad9 DNS: l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 DNS mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c non-profit Global Cyber Alliance, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c trang web \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a Quad9 DNS l\u00e0 9.9.9.9 v\u00e0 149.112.112.112.<\/li>\n\n
          • Comodo Secure DNS: l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 DNS c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt Comodo, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c trang web \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a Comodo Secure DNS l\u00e0 8.26.56.26 v\u00e0 8.20.247.20.<\/li>\n\n
          • DNS VNPT: VNPT l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng kh\u00e1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a DNS VNPT: 203.162.4.191 v\u00e0 203.162.4.190<\/li>\n\n
          • DNS Viettel: B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh VNPT, Viettel c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n internet m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. DNS Server c\u1ee7a Viettel: 203.113.131.1 v\u00e0203.113.131.2<\/li>\n\n
          • DNS FPT: L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba \u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a FPT DNS Server l\u00e0: 210.245.24.20 v\u00e0 210.245.24.22<\/li><\/ul>
            \"DNS
            DNS mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a Cloudflare, cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

            C\u00e1c DNS tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cao. <\/p>

            <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            1. DNS l\u00e0 g\u00ec? DNS l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a “Domain Name System” – M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u00a0internet. DNS l\u00e0 giao th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng mu\u1ed1n truy…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1855,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bst_post_transparent":"","_bst_post_title":"","_bst_post_layout":"","_bst_post_sidebar_id":"","_bst_post_content_style":"","_bst_post_vertical_padding":"","_bst_post_feature":"","_bst_post_feature_position":"","_bst_post_header":false,"_bst_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1852","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vonguyen.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1852","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vonguyen.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vonguyen.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vonguyen.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vonguyen.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1852"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vonguyen.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1852\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1862,"href":"https:\/\/vonguyen.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1852\/revisions\/1862"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vonguyen.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1855"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vonguyen.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1852"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vonguyen.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1852"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vonguyen.com.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}